DPS Simulator
Experimental — the model is engine-decoded but young. Treat results as directionally correct, not exact: good for comparing builds, rotations and gear choices against each other, not for predicting live numbers — real fights can differ meaningfully (see Model notes for what is and isn't modeled). Set up your gear in the Build Planner, then pick the build below.

Character

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Party buffs (from allies, applied to you at 100% uptime — cast your own buffs in the rotation)

Target debuffs (applied to every dummy)

Summons (already active at fight start)

Pets you walk into the fight with — no rotation cast needed (a rotation entry for the same skill just parks). Counts are not mana-checked: the game bounds live summons by reserved mana, so only enter what you can actually maintain.

Targets single-target skills & autos hit the first dummy; AoE casts hit all

Monster stats are engine-derived estimates (Formula.GetMonsterBaseStats + rank bonuses, disasm) — in-game cards can differ while a boss buffs itself; every field stays editable.
melee range (≤6m)
Model notes & provenance
  • Every pipeline step is transcribed from GameAssembly.dll disasm (see source header). Nothing is guessed; simplifications are listed here, not hidden.
  • Expected value: crits/hits/multistrike are probability-blended, the ±5% physical variance averages to ×1.0 (magic has no variance in the engine). Crits bypass the flee roll (engine order: block → crit → flee).
  • Autos only fill time between skill casts. Cast lock (ForceCast disasm): every cast locks the caster for max(0.3s, weapon delay × 0.6) × (1 − AfterCastDelay/100) — the weapon-delay term applies to damage skills (Magic, and non-attached non-toggle Melee/Ranged); buffs and attached spins pay only the 0.3s floor. This is the in-game "0.3s Execute / 0.6s Stomp" feel: fast weapons hit the floor, a 1.0s-delay weapon locks 0.6s. A skill's Delay field is NOT a caster lock — the engine uses it as the spawned instance's fuse timing. The old model let 0-cast instants weave completely free (wrong: the 0x15c AnimationDelay timer is dead code in this build, but ForceCast writes the SAME gate via the 0x14c timer — corrected). Backslide/WeaponSwap skills (FlashBang, ShadowFeint, Weapon Swap) bypass the gate entirely (SkillState.IgnoreDelay).
  • Splash & area mods: the Splash stat makes every auto swing hit all other dummies with the SAME rolled packet (ApplyHit reuses the Damage struct); a skill's AoE radius = Area + SkillArea:<id> item mods, and instant-cast skills add the global SkillSplash stat (a SkillSplash grimoire turns instant bolts into small AoEs). StatusDuration:<id> applier mods extend applied status windows; BuffDuration has NO reader in the engine (inert stat) and is not modeled.
  • DoTs (full lifecycle, disasm-verified): every application (cast or on-hit proc) is tracked as its own event with the link's duration × (1+StatusDuration mods), stack count, and land/proc probability. Stackable DoTs (Poison, Bleeding, Burning, Decay, Anathema — uncapped; Rage/Regeneration cap 25) hold one timer PER STACK; StacksRefresh statuses share one duration that resets on every application; plain statuses just refresh. Ticks run 1/s from first application while stacks live: flat = round((Lv+STR+AGI+INT)·coeff/10) × stacks, read from the applier's LIVE sheet at tick time (buff windows count while they last, engine: TickEffects reads state.Source live); %HP part × stacks only when the per-tick percent < 1 (engine guard). Ticks also see the tick-time TARGET windows (armor breaks, DamageFromStatus). Approximations: expected (fractional) stacks for sub-100% procs, cap clamps the expectation, and tick-time sheets are read from the most recent simulated event (≤1 swing stale).
  • Skill %ATK coefficient scales with weapon StatScalings (+stat/10·s/100) — offhand weapon's row when dual-wielding, "None" row when unarmed.
  • The FULL build flows in: equipment×refine, cards, substats, sets, artifacts, gems (incl. gem refine), passives, grimoires — via the simulator's aggregate — PLUS the engine-layer gear stats the sim sheet doesn't display (SkillDamage:<skill> on skill gems, DamageElement/DamageTo/FromElement, DamageMelee/Ranged/Magic/Status, Def/MdefPierce, FinalDamage*, CooldownRecovery, close/far-range, and per-skill item mods: SkillLevel/SkillCooldown flat-sec (0.3s floor)/SkillCastTime(+Mult)/SkillHits — all per SkillState.Calibrate). SkillApplyStatus:<skill>_<status> mods (grimoires: Alpha Surge, Hexwell Current, Blessed Resonance…) apply the status to the victim for Value seconds on every landed application of that skill (ApplyDamageToTarget g__ApplyEffects disasm; chance 0 = guaranteed) — modeled for YOUR rotation casts; pet-kit carriers (Black Blade/Vortex Slash Stagger via the Werewolf) are still skipped with the rest of pet status application, and ally-heal carriers (Resonance Well → Might) ride the unmodeled heal path.
  • Buff mods with per-level terms scale with the source skill's level; stacking statuses apply base per stack. Buffs ticked in the PICKER are constant (party-style); buff skills placed in the ROTATION are cast with real timing — their statuses apply for the link's duration (stacks accumulate per the status's engine flags, toggles stay on once cast), the sheet changes inside the window, and they re-cast only when about to drop. On-hit SELF procs ramp: a buff whose procs target the attacker (Enrage → Rage, ×25 AtkMult, shared refreshing window) gains stacks on every landed physical hit — the sheet climbs swing by swing to the plateau (sub-100% chances add fractional expected stacks; per-stack expiry of non-refresh self buffs is approximated by the latest application's window).
  • Grimoire trigger effects (StatValue events, HandleEventModifiers disasm): the equipped grimoires' riders fire on real sim events — OnAutoAttack/OnApplyHit (per landed swing or skill wave), OnCast <skill>, OnApplyStatus, OnHeal (negative-coefficient casts), OnMaxStacks (a ramped buff hitting its cap chains its rider: Radiance ×5 → Radiant Bulwark). Chance is a fraction rolled per event (Spellshot: 10% CastReady per auto); Status triggers apply the ref for Value seconds to the caster (Target=3) or the victim (Vulnerability); Autocast triggers cast the ref at 0.3×MaxLv for free — damage lands in the autocasts log/row, and the proc'd cast applies its own statuses (Venom Bloom keeps Poison rolling). Conditions (Status:X / StatusSelf:X) check the live sim windows.
  • Summoner pets (SummoningComponent$$LoadSummonSkill + CopyModifiersAutocastsWeapons + ApplyStatShare/IsSummonInherited disasm): a summon skill maintains ONE pet with its OWN attribute block (SummonConfig stats at YOUR level — Formula$$Level; pets never get monster base stats) run through the same verify-locked derive() — and the pet INHERITS from you: your Mainhand/Offhand WeaponStates verbatim (weapon ATK/MATK/DoubleAttack/Chain/element + type — its stance, swing delay and skill scalings are your weapons'), SummonStatShare% of EVERY unqualified stat on your gear+passive layers (round(share×value) per StatType; any stat whose name lacks 'Summon' — Summon Mastery 10 = a full 100% copy of your gear layer; qualified stats like SkillDamage:<skill> gems are never shared), your gear's autocast tables at FULL chance (packets off the pet's sheet), and the Summon* translation family (SummonAtkMult→AtkMult, SummonCrit→Crit, SummonDamage→FinalDamage, SummonAutoattackDamage, SummonHit, SummonAllStats) — all read at SUMMON TIME, so buffs live at the cast count. SummonSpellEcho:<skill> gives each qualified cast a mod% chance the primary pet re-casts it off ITS sheet (AutocastMult, your cast level). The pet auto-attacks your target and runs its AI kit (per-entry Level/Cooldown/CastTime overrides; kit cast times ×0.1 — the pet's default CastTimeReduction 100 under the 90% cap) with the same aftercast pacing rules. Pets act INSIDE the event loop: every pet hit is computed against the live per-state target sheet (your armor breaks and debuff windows boost pet damage), and pet kit statuses apply for real — Skeleton spears ramp Vulnerability ×25, Wraith Harvest opens Stagger (−25% DEF), Skeleton Mage Death Coils stack Decay DoTs ticking off the PET's own sheet — which then boost YOUR casts too. NOT inherited (SkillState$Calibrate binds pet skills to the PET's controller; the attacker-side complex-modifier dict 0x1d8 is never copied): your per-skill qualified mods — SkillDamage:<skill> gems and SkillApplyStatus riders (Alpha Surge's pet-skill lines) do NOT boost pet casts. Remaining approximations: buff/toggle kit entries and self-buff maintenance are skipped, pet statuses land on the primary dummy only, entry cooldown 0 is paced by the 0.3s/weapon-delay lock, and pets never die (true vs dummies). The Summons panel assumes pets active from t=0 (count copies each, summoned pre-pull with your standing picker buffs); the engine’s reserved-mana bound on live summons is not enforced.
  • Shinobi shadow clones (SummoningComponent disasm): a Clone-spawning cast (Shadow Seal, Shadow Feint) adds a bot copy of the player — ATK/MATK ×0.25 (TotalAtk/TotalMatk −75), NoStatusApply (clone casts apply NO statuses and roll NO procs), DoT-immune, each reserving 25% max mana (oldest dies when max mana drops under 100 — practical cap 3, the sim's cap). Clones auto-attack your target continuously on their own swing timer (25% packets) and MIRROR every CloneCast-flagged skill (Fan of Knives, Shuriken Fan, the Releases…) with a full cast off their 25% sheet — flat damage parts survive unscaled (the engine only reduces the attack stats). Approximations: clones use the base sheet (buff windows are copied only at spawn in the engine), clone chains and clone gear autocasts are not rolled.
  • Zone/spin skills (SkillInstance$$Update disasm): a damaging skill with duration and no projectile velocity (Cyclone, Fire Field, Consecrated Ground, Arrow Shower — 27 skills) spawns an instance that deals HALF its packet to every target in radius every 0.5s (TargetDamageInterval: inits 0, resets to 0.5f) — one full packet per second per target, floor(dur/0.5)+1 waves. Enemy statuses (Cyclone's Bleeding) apply PER WAVE — stackable DoTs ramp hard; on-hit procs (Enrage → Rage) fire per wave; zone debuff windows ramp +1 stack per 0.5s. SkillDuration:<skill> gear (Chaos Reaver −1s Cyclone) adds flat seconds; HitLimit-bearing instances die after that many target-hits. Spins whose self status carries NoAttack+NoCast (Cyclone/Whirlwind/Death Spiral) LOCK the caster for the spin — the lock and the auto-block both run the full duration. The old one-packet model undercounted Cyclone ~3.5×.
  • Multiple dummies: single-target skills, autos and their DoTs hit the FIRST dummy; AoE casts (export: Area radius > 0 or ground cast, overridable per rotation entry) hit every dummy with no target cap — the engine exposes no per-skill max-target count.
  • Chains: auto attacks jump to Chain-stat-many extra dummies, Chain Lightning-style skills to their Chains count (+SkillChains item mods). Each jump is a full fresh hit vs that dummy's own profile (engine: the chain continuation re-runs the FULL ApplyHit on the next target within 9m, 0.1s later) — so every jump also rolls autocasts, fires on-hit procs (Enrage ramps per jump) and OnAutoAttack/OnApplyHit riders, per hand when dual-wielding. Skill chain victims likewise join the autocast roll set (3-target cap) and fire per-victim on-hit procs/riders. Jumps need spare dummies to land on.
  • Autocasts (engine: AutocastHandler.Trigger + SkillState(-1) ctor): AutocastAttack:<skill> items/cards roll chance% × (1+AutocastChance/100) on every landed damaging attack — auto attacks always, skill casts only for TriggerAutocast skills (Frost Blade, Shuriken Fan) — per target hit, max 3 targets per attack. AutocastHit rolls on landed physical hits (0.1s throttle). The proc casts at level max(1, round(0.3×MaxLv)) + SkillLevel:<skill> item mods (Calibrate; grimoire riders skip Calibrate and stay at the base) — NOT your allocated level — with its damage coefficient × AutocastMult (Firebolt-family: ×0.5), instantly and for free. The proc'd cast applies its statuses too: DoT links (Fireball → Burning) become probability-weighted applications, modded debuffs (EarthExposure) open expected-stack target windows on the specs hit. NoAttack gear (Nozzle Robot) blocks autos entirely per CanAttack. Multistrike never re-rolls procs: the engine multiplies ONE packet by 1+floor(MS/100)+Roll(frac) — one hit event, one autocast roll (ApplyHit disasm). Dual-wield doubles the events: an offhand WEAPON schedules a second ApplyHit per swing (AttackMainHit + AttackOffHit), so autocast rolls, on-hit procs and OnAutoAttack riders all fire twice — damage stays folded in the single-ATK packet. Skills never fire OnAutoAttack (that event lives in the auto ApplyHit path); "skills that count as attacks" are exactly the TriggerAutocast/TriggerHit flags.
  • Rotation casts auto-apply their enemy debuffs (WaterExposure, armor breaks…) as timed PER-SPEC target windows — single-target casts debuff the primary dummy (+chain-jump victims), AoE casts debuff every spec, and damage recomputes against each dummy's own debuffed sheet while windows last; stacks accumulate only for Stackable/StacksRefresh statuses; picker-ticked debuffs stay constant instead. Window expiries are simulation events, so idle stretches re-derive the sheet exactly (residual: with autos weaving, an expiry mid-swing resolves at the next swing — ≤1 swing stale). Charge skills bank Charges+1 casts (⚡chip), refill one per cooldown, 0.3s between casts.
  • Sequence mode: entries cast in exact listed order, looping; only cooldown/charge clocks gate a sequenced cast (a sequenced buff refreshes on its turn even mid-window — you dictate the order). Parked entries (toggles already on, picker-owned buffs' appliers with nothing else to do) are skipped; auto attacks fill the waits when "weave" is on. A ⚔ entry in the sequence is exactly ONE swing at that point.
  • Opener → loop: drop a loop divider into the rotation and the entries ABOVE it become a one-time opener — each casts once, in listed order, at the pull (autos weave the waits; cooldowns/cast-locks still gate). Entries BELOW repeat under the chosen loop mode. No divider = one repeating loop (unchanged). Per-entry cast policy (loop rows): auto (default — damage on cooldown, buffs/maintainers refresh on falloff), on cooldown (recast whenever the cooldown is ready, even a buff), on falloff (recast ONLY when the skill's own buff/debuff window is about to drop, ignoring spare cooldown — works in sequence mode too, where the entry parks on its turn while its window is healthy).
  • Auto-optimize (the ✨ button): searches for the highest-DPS priority rotation for the loaded build under the CURRENT fight config, by running this same engine over candidate combinations of the build's allocated, non-passive skills (each at its allocated level — no invented skills or levels; only skills the build can actually CAST with the equipped weapon are eligible, so a wrong-weapon skill is never chosen) with auto attack as the gap filler — steepest-ascent inclusion from several seeds (your current rotation, a support-first opener of spawners→buffs→damage, all skills by damage rate), then local refinement (drop / reorder / cast-policy). Because the priority list's order at the pull IS the opener order, the result keeps toggles (Berserk), party buffs and summon/clone spawners (e.g. Shadow Seal) ABOVE the damage skills whenever it costs nothing — they get established before the first nuke, then park. It applies the result only if it beats your current rotation, and reports the gain + how many simulations it ran. It's a strong local search under a sim budget, not a proof of global optimum — a hand-tuned opener/sequence may still edge it on rotations with tight ordering interactions.
  • Gunslinger dual loadout: the snapshot carries BOTH weapon sets' full aggregates (gear/cards/substats on each weapon pair, incl. their engine-layer stats). Rotation entries auto-assign to the set whose weapon satisfies the skill's WeaponTypes requirement (export; Point Blank → the Shotgun set) — the A/B pill overrides per entry; autos follow the "autos use" picker. Each cast computes on its own set's sheet (ATK, crit, delay, CDR, close/far-range mods, autocast tables). The swap itself is modeled as FREE: the demo assembly exposes no swap lock or cooldown method, so any real swap animation time is unmodeled (sim may run slightly hot on swap-heavy rotations).
  • Combo system (SkillsComponent.SpawnSkill + GetComboMult disasm): builder skills (ComboReady, e.g. Suppressive Shot/Jump Shot/Strafing Volley — 🔗builds chip) open the caster's combo window for 4s (extends, never shrinks); finisher skills (ComboFinisher — 🔗×1.5 chip: Point Blank, Shrapnel, Panic Burst, Sniper Shot) deal ×(1+CF/100) while the window is live. The window is NOT consumed by finishers — it just expires. Fight log shows "Combo window opened" and per-cast "combo ×1.50" notes.
  • Reflect & %-max-HP skills (SkillState$$GetDamage 0x644540): reflect-coefficient skills (Shield Bash, Shield Throw, Counter Slash — config DamageReflect) scale off caster level + ½(ATK + DEF + DefFlat) × coefficient × (1 + ReflectDamage%), NOT a plain %ATK (Formula$$GetReflectDamage 0x791640, then ×0.25); DEF/VIT matter as much as ATK. %-max-HP skills (Corpse Explosion, Umbral* — config DamageMax) deal round(target maxHP × pct/100) as TRUE damage (SkillState.ApplyDamageMax → GetTrueDamage, no def) added on top of any base — so they read 0 vs the maxHP-0 training dummy; use a boss/monster target. SelfDamageMax (caster %HP self-cost) is not counted as output.
  • MP economy (opt-in — the model MP toggle; OFF by default so saved/shared setups stay unchanged): casts spend MP = round((skill cost + SkillCost:<id>) × (1 + MpCost/100)); the pool is Formula$$MaxMana (the sheet's Max MP) and regenerates every ~1s (Formula$$ManaRegen amount, RegenTimer = 1/(1+MpRegenRate/100)s, capped at Max MP — SkillState / _skup.txt disasm), with SiphonMp refunded on landed attacks and SkillRecoverMp on cast. A cast that can't afford its cost waits for regen (SkillState$$Cast gate: Mana ≥ GetSkillCost) — so mana-hungry spam is throttled and CDR stops looking free. Autos cost 0. NOTE: MpCost% is the verified term; the flat SkillCost fold mirrors SkillCooldown (GetSkillCost's exact stat combination isn't disassembled).
  • Not modeled yet: SkillDamageLowHp (mana≤35%), GrantSkill items, dual-wield per-hand ATK split (uses the sim's single-ATK convention), autocast-off-autocast recursion, weapon-swap animation time, SpellAuto (engine-plumbed 'autos also cast X' — zero users in the demo data), and grimoire triggers on events that can't fire vs dummies (OnBlock/OnDodge/OnKill/OnHealthLow/OnCharge) or that carry no dummy DPS (RecoverMp/RemoveStatus).

Rotation

Result

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expected DPS
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total over fight
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casts + autos

Fight log

casts buffs autos autocasts dots